论文名称:Blockchains for Environmental Monitoring: Theory and Empirical Evidence from China
刊名:Review of Finance
发表时间:2025.07
论文介绍:
环境监测常面临数据作假与篡改等质量问题,使得环保工作的有效性大大降低。区块链技术因其防篡改和可追踪的特性,有望提升环境数据的可靠性。然而,当前关于区块链在环境监管中对社会经济影响的实证研究仍较为有限。尽管中国内地禁止加密货币交易,但却率先将区块链技术应用于环境监测。基于这一独特背景,本文探讨了区块链在提升环境数据可靠性、降低环境污染以及影响企业战略决策中的作用,并通过理论模型与实证分析相结合的方式,系统评估了区块链环境监测系统的社会经济影响。
本文构建了一个描述监管机构与排污企业之间战略互动的模型,其中监管机构需在地方经济利益、污染带来的社会成本以及区块链检测的成本支出之间做出权衡;企业则通过调整违规概率与是否迁移等策略,最大化自身效用。本文通过对中国区块链试点城市的实证分析表明,采用区块链环境监测系统之后,试点城市的污染水平显著下降:二氧化硫(SO₂)降低16.6%,二氧化氮(NO₂)降低7.9%,一氧化碳(CO)降低4.6%。然而,试点城市的经济增速平均放缓了1.8%-2.6%,且企业倾向于在监管较弱的地区新设工厂以规避更严格的环境监测。总体而言,区块链环境监测虽有效减少了本地排放,但决策者需权衡其带来的经济代价及由局部试点引发的企业监管套利问题。
据悉,本文是最早从理论与实证结合角度系统研究无代币区块链在环境监管中作用的学术论文,也是为数不多发表在顶级刊物的分布式计算的经济分析之一。该研究通过探索区块链技术赋能环境监管、服务绿色发展的治理体系创新,为推进我国“美丽中国”建设和“双碳”目标实现提供了重要的治理工具与政策洞见。同时,本文也揭示了地方政府与企业在技术采纳过程中的战略博弈与动态调整,对数字技术在公共治理中的应用路径、环境监管政策优化以及可持续发展目标的推进具有重要启示。
论文摘要:
We explore the effects of a blockchain-based environmental monitoring technology on emissions. Our model of firm competition in the presence of regional regulators reveals that blockchain adoption reduces industrial pollution but triggers business relocation, creating trade-offs between local emission reduction and economic contraction. When pollution-induced social losses are highly dispersed across cities, a partial-adoption equilibrium fails to mitigate aggregate emissions because of the pollution leakage. We further present the first piece of empirical evidence corroborating model predictions, by taking advantage of a recent regulation change in China. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, and CO in blockchain-adopting cities are on average 16.6%, 7.9% and 4.6%, respectively, lower than other cities. However, blockchain-based monitoring disproportionately hurts the industrial sector, and the average economic activities is reduced by 1.8%-2.6%. Firms in adopting cities open more non-local plants to avoid regulation.
论文链接://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfaf033